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The list of Norwegian monarchs ((ノルウェー語:kongerekken) or ''kongerekka'') begins in 872, the traditional dating of the Battle of Hafrsfjord, after which the victorious Harald Fairhair merged several petty kingdoms into that of his father. Harald's realm was later to be known as the Kingdom of Norway. In 970 the Fairhair dynasty became patrilineally extinct upon the death of Harald I's grandson Harald II.〔Aschehougs Norgeshistorie, vol. 2, p. 92.〕 After short periods under the kings of Denmark in the late 10th and early 11th century, Norway was ruled by native dynasties, including kings such as Olaf II, Harald III, and Sverre, until the 14th century. During the civil war era (1130–1240), several pretenders fought each other. Some rulers from this era are not traditionally considered lawful kings and are usually omitted from lists of monarchs. In 1387 Norway entered the personal union with Denmark and Sweden, known as the Kalmar Union. Sweden left the union in 1523, but Norway and Denmark remained under the same crown. Between 1450 and 1814, the kings of Norway were Oldenburgs residing in Copenhagen. Absolute monarchy was adopted in 1660.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History )〕 In 1814 Norway gained political independence and introduced constitutional monarchy. Christian Frederick, then heir presumptive to the throne, was elected king following the abdication of Frederick VI. He was soon forced to abdicate in favour of Charles XIII of Sweden, creating a new personal union between Norway and Sweden.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Union with Sweden in 1814 )〕 When Oscar II was dethroned in 1905, the union with Sweden dissolved. The House of Oldenburg regained the throne upon the subsequent election of Haakon VII, whose heirs have held it ever since.〔 The kings of Norway used many additional titles between 1450 and 1905, such as King of the Goths, King of the Wends, Duchy of Schleswig, Duke to Holstein, Principality of Rügen, and County of Oldenburg). They called themselves ''Konge til Norge'' (rather than ''Konge af Norge''), indicating that the country was their personal possession, usually with the style ''His Royal Majesty''. With the introduction of constitutional monarchy in 1814, the traditional style "by the grace of God" was extended to "by the grace of Grace and due to the Kingdom's Constitution", but was only briefly in use. The last king to use it was Haakon VII, who died in 1957. The king's title today is formally ''Norges Konge'' (literally "Norway's King"), indicating that he belongs to the country (rather than the other way around), with the style "His Majesty". Established in the 9th century the Kingdom is over 1,100 years old and as such one of the oldest in Europe today. King Harald V, who has reigned since 1991, is the 64th monarch.〔http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=27626&sek=26982〕 ==Key== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Norwegian monarchs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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